This information was provided by Lap of Love Veterinary Hospice
What is it?
Mast cells are specialized cells within the body that respond to inflammation and allergies by releasing biological chemicals such as histamine, heparin, serotonin, and prostaglandins. Mast Cell Tumors (MCT) are formed when there is an increased proliferation of these cells that are not controlled by normal mechanisms. These malignancies are occasionally capable of releasing an excessive amount of chemicals, causing systemic problems that include gastric ulcers, internal bleeding, and a variety of allergic manifestations. Tumors arise primarily on the skin, but can be found within the oral cavity, larynx, trachea, chest, and gastrointestinal tract. Cancerous spread usually occurs within the lymph nodes, spleen, and liver.
How is it treated?
Treatment is dependent on the Grade (degree of malignancy on biopsy) of the disease and the predicted aggressive behavior of the tumor. The higher the grade, the more aggressive and more advanced the cancer. Treatments include surgical excision of the tumor, radiation therapy, chemotherapies, and supportive care. For some Grades, a gastrointestinal protectant should be administered to combat gastric ulceration.
What is the prognosis for a mast cell tumor?
Prognosis for MCT is directly related to the site of growth and tumor stage and Grade. Complete removal of a Grade I tumor usually results in an excellent prognosis. Dogs that are tumor-free after 6 months are considered unlikely to have a recurrence. Primary tumors that originate in areas other than the skin tend to be more aggressive. Mast cell tumors of the prepuce, groin, nail bed, and oral regions are generally the most malignant. Tumors of bone marrow or internal organs/tissue have a particulary grave prognosis. Pets showing systemic signs and those whose tumors return after surgical removal also have a poor prognosis. Similarly, the faster the growth of the tumor, the more critical the case. A personalized treatment plan is important to slow the progression of MCT. Talk to your veterinarian regarding the best treatment protocol for your pet.
